滾珠絲桿VS梯形絲桿選型全解析

　　Full analysis of selection between ball screw and trapezoidal screw

　　我們今天來聊一聊這個滾珠絲桿和梯形絲桿在選型的時候的一些對比，各自的優缺點和適用的場景。好，那我們就趕緊開始吧，我也特別想知道這兩種絲桿到底有什么不一樣的地方，咱們先來聊一聊，就是這兩種絲桿，它在核心的設計理念上面到底有什么不一樣，然后導致它們的使用場景會有這么大的差別？

　　Today, let's talk about the comparison, advantages and disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of this ball screw and trapezoidal screw when selecting. Okay, let's get started quickly. I really want to know what are the differences between these two types of screws. Let's talk about them first. What are the differences in their core design concepts that lead to such a big difference in their usage scenarios?

　　滾珠絲桿，它的設計核心是追求性能，就是它的負載，它的速度。它的壽命。這些東西是它的設計核心，同時他要特別關注濕吻，臨界轉速這些問題，那梯形絲桿呢？它的設計核心主要就是功能和成本。就是它能不能自鎖，它的強度夠不夠，它的磨損怎么樣？就是它的設計核心是這些東西，所以這就導致了滾珠絲桿，就像一個運動員。就是他要追求更快，更高更強，然后 T 型四桿就更像是一個那種老黃牛，就是他要很踏實，很穩定，同時要很便宜，那就是說他們在設計理念上面確實是。天差地別，然后所以他們的應用場景也會。因此而非常的不一樣。

　　Ball screw, its design core is to pursue performance, which is its load and speed. Its lifespan. These things are the core of its design, and it needs to pay special attention to issues such as wet kisses and critical speeds. What about the trapezoidal screw? Its design core is mainly about functionality and cost. Is it capable of self-locking, is its strength sufficient, and how is its wear and tear? The core of its design is these things, so this leads to a ball screw, like an athlete. He wants to pursue speed, height, and strength, and the T-shaped four bar is more like an old ox. He needs to be very down-to-earth, stable, and cheap at the same time, which means they are indeed in terms of design philosophy. The world is vastly different, so their application scenarios will also vary. Therefore, it is very different.

　　對，因為這個就決定了滾珠絲桿，它就是用在那種高精度，高速度的場景，比如說是加工中心機器人這種場景，那梯形絲桿呢，就用在一些對精度要求不是特別高，但是對成本非常敏感的地方，比如說一些簡單的升降，一些手動調節的機構，這種地方，這兩種絲桿在。軸向負載的能力上面和壽命上面，它們的設計的關注點和計算的方法有什么不一樣呢？滾珠絲桿它的核心的指標是它的額定動載荷，然后它的壽命是通過這個 l10壽命公式來計算的，它算出來的。這個壽命是指在90%的可靠性下。他能走的總行程？這個是它的一個核心的指標。

　　Yes, that's why the ball screw is used in high-precision and high-speed scenarios, such as machining center robots. The trapezoidal screw is used in some places where precision is not particularly high but cost is very sensitive, such as simple lifting and manual adjustment mechanisms. In these places, these two types of screws are used. What are the differences in the design focus and calculation methods between axial load capacity and lifespan? The core indicator of a ball screw is its rated dynamic load, and its lifespan is calculated using the l10 lifespan formula. This lifespan refers to 90% reliability. What is the total itinerary he can take? This is one of its core indicators.

　　那梯形絲桿呢？它的設計的核心是要保證它的靜態強度，就是它的負載下的壓應力。拉應力要小于它的許用應力，所以它的公式就是壓應力，等于它的負載，除以它的。絲桿的根部的截面積，它的核心是要避免它發生塑性變形或者是斷裂。那這兩種絲桿在速度上面，或者說在轉速上面，它們的限制因素和具體表現有什么不一樣。滾珠絲桿它的速度的限制呢？是來自于臨界轉速和 dn 值，就是它的臨界轉速是為了避免它發生共振，然后它的這個 dn 值是它的這個滾珠循環組件的一個速度的上限。這個值一般是在7萬到8萬之間。

　　What about the trapezoidal lead screw? The core of its design is to ensure its static strength, which is the compressive stress under its maximum load. The tensile stress should be less than its allowable stress, so its formula is compressive stress, which is equal to its maximum load divided by it. The cross-sectional area of the root of the screw rod, its core is to avoid plastic deformation or fracture. What are the differences in limiting factors and specific performance between these two types of screw rods in terms of speed or rotational speed. What is the speed limit of a ball screw? It comes from the critical speed and dn value, which means that its critical speed is to avoid resonance, and its dn value is the upper limit of the speed of its ball circulation component. This value is usually between 70000 and 80000.

　　不同的廠家會有一些區別，那梯形絲桿呢，它的速度的限制其實主要就是因為它的滑動摩擦產生的熱量，所以它的這個速度一般，如果是金屬螺母的話，會限制在0.05米每秒以下。如果是塑料螺母的話，可以到0.5米每秒。但是如果超過這個速度的話，就會導致它的磨損急劇增加，或者說它會咬死。那這兩種絲桿在自鎖性上面，在驅動扭矩上面和在效率上面有什么差別呢？

　　There may be some differences among different manufacturers. As for the trapezoidal screw, its speed limit is mainly due to the heat generated by its sliding friction. Therefore, its speed is generally limited to less than 0.05 meters per second if it is a metal nut. If it is a plastic nut, it can reach 0.5 meters per second. But if it exceeds this speed, it will cause a sharp increase in wear and tear, or in other words, it will bite to death. What are the differences between these two types of screws in terms of self-locking, driving torque, and efficiency?

　　然后這些差別又會讓它們在實際使用的時候有什么樣的不同的表現呢？滾珠絲桿它的摩擦系數非常的低，所以它是沒有辦法自鎖的。所以它在垂直應用的時候，必須要加制動裝置。那它的效率呢？一般可以達到90%以上，所以它可以使用更小功率的電機。來驅動那梯形絲桿呢？它是可以自鎖的，就是它的螺紋伸角小于摩擦角的時候，它就可以自鎖，所以它在垂直應用的時候是不需要額外的制動裝置的。但是它的效率呢就比較低了，一般是在20%到50%之間，所以它需要更大功率的電機，并且由于它的效率低，所以它會產生比較多的熱量。這兩種絲桿在耐磨性上面和在維護上面又有什么差別呢？然后這些差別又會讓它們在實際使用的時候有什么樣的不同的表現呢？

　　And how will these differences affect their performance in practical use? The friction coefficient of a ball screw is very low, so it cannot self lock. So when it is applied vertically, a braking device must be added. What about its efficiency? Generally, it can reach over 90%, so it can use motors with lower power. What about driving the trapezoidal screw? It can be self-locking, that is, when its thread angle is less than the friction angle, it can be self-locking, so it does not require additional braking devices when applied vertically. But its efficiency is relatively low, usually between 20% and 50%, so it requires a higher power motor, and due to its low efficiency, it generates more heat. What is the difference between these two types of screws in terms of wear resistance and maintenance? And how will these differences affect their performance in practical use?

　　梯形絲桿它是需要進行一個 PV 值的校驗的。就是它的壓力和速度的乘積要在它的這個材料的使用 pv 值范圍之內，所以它的這個材料的組合，比如說是鋼對銅還是鋼，對塑料，這些會對它的這個耐磨性有比較大的影響。那滾珠絲桿呢？它是滾動摩擦，所以它的磨損會小很多，但是它對滾道的硬度表面處理。還有潤滑的條件會比較敏感。那這兩種絲桿呢，都是需要定期潤滑的，但是梯形絲桿它的螺母是一個易損件，所以它可能需要更頻繁的去更換。

　　The trapezoidal screw requires a PV value verification. The product of its pressure and velocity must be within the range of PV values used for its material, so the combination of its material, such as steel to copper or steel to plastic, will have a significant impact on its wear resistance. What about the ball screw? It is a rolling friction, so its wear will be much smaller, but it affects the hardness surface treatment of the raceway. Lubrication conditions are also more sensitive. What about these two types of screws? Both require regular lubrication, but the nut of the trapezoidal screw is a vulnerable part, so it may need to be replaced more frequently.

　　我們在實際選擇的時候，到底是應該選滾珠絲桿還是應該選 T 型絲桿呢？這個就要看你的具體的需求了，就是你的設備的精度要求，負載情況。

　　When making practical choices, should we choose ball screws or T-shaped screws? It depends on your specific needs, which are the accuracy requirements and load conditions of your equipment.

　　速度需求，還有你的成本預算這些東西，那滾珠絲桿呢？它是擅長于高精度，高速度的場景，所以它一般用在 CNC 機床，工業機器人這種設備上面，但是它的成本會比較高，然后有的時候需要額外的制動裝置。那梯形絲桿呢，它就是成本比較低，自鎖性比較好，所以它一般用在一些對精度要求不是特別高的地方，比如說千斤頂。閥門控制這種地方行吧，今天咱們把這個滾珠絲桿和梯形絲桿從各個方面都聊了一下，從他們的核心的設計理念到他們具體的使用場景的對比，希望能夠幫大家在選型的時候有一個更清晰的認識 ok 了以上就是這篇文章的全部內容，然后咱們下期再見，拜拜！

　　Speed requirements and your cost budget, what about ball screws? It is good at high-precision and high-speed scenarios, so it is generally used in CNC machine tools, industrial robots and other equipment, but its cost is relatively high, and sometimes additional braking devices are required. What about the trapezoidal screw rod? It has a relatively low cost and good self-locking performance, so it is generally used in places where precision requirements are not particularly high, such as jacks. Is valve control okay? Today we talked about ball screws and trapezoidal screws from various aspects, from their core design concepts to their specific usage scenarios. We hope to help everyone have a clearer understanding when selecting. OK, that's all for this article. See you in the next issue. Goodbye!

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